Typical dreams of Chinese elderly people during COVID-19 pandemic

This study aimed at investigating the dream themes of Chinese elderly people during COVID-19 and its relationship with death anxiety. In this study, 264 participants from four cities in different regions of China were interviewed through one-on-one interviews. Nielsen's Typical Dream Questionnaire (TDQ) and Death Anxiety Scale (DAS) were also administered. The dream recall rate of the elderly was 48.48%;there were differences in TDQ35 and TDQ1 between the experimental group (EG) and control group (CG);the most common emotion in elderly people's dreams was fear;TDQ21 (flood) and TDQ28 (see Yourself Die) were two higher frequent dream themes in the high death anxiety group. The results support the dream continuity hypothesis and threat simulation theory (TST), dreams may help coping with death anxiety, and future research directions are also suggested. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Dream changes across the first three waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy

The 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) has strongly impacted the world. Recent research findings found significant effects of the pandemic on dreaming. We investigated sociodemographic, COVID-19-related variables, and oneiric activity (by the Most Recent Dream) during the first, the second, and the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in three matched samples, for a total of 600 Italian adult subjects (82.7% women;aged 18-81 years, M = 30.4, SD = 13.3). Results indicated that: (a) the majority of participants were medium recallers;(b) during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, participants reported higher negative emotions and longer dreams;(c) during the second wave, participants reported higher positive emotions and lower presence of sensory impressions in their dreams;(d) during the third wave, participants reported lower positive emotions in their dreams;and (e) participants knowing a COVID-19 death reported shorter dreams and higher negative emotions in their dreams, while student participants reported longer and more realistic dreams. Results of the quali-quantitative analyses revealed recurring themes in the Most Recent Dreams, as well as a strong continuity with the waking experience, especially focused on family and friends, as well as on places where the quarantine was lived and on the outside world. In sum, the findings of this study indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic understood as a high-impact and traumatic event, significantly affects people's dreams, especially in terms of elicited emotions, as well as in terms of themes related to the pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Dreaming for the World: A Jungian Study of Dreams During the COVID‐19 Pandemic

This project explores what dreams might reveal about the collective psyche’s response to the COVID‐19 pandemic in its first year, before the development of vaccines. A brief survey, distributed to Jungian colleagues and organizations, and to various social media sites, invited people to submit online a dream related to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Four hundred and thirty‐six dreams were submitted. Forty additional Russian dreams were collected and submitted by Russian colleagues. Using qualitative research methods based on phenomenological hermeneutics, the researchers categorized and counted the range of COVID imagery. In addition, the researchers describe a range of psychic responses to the pandemic, including horror, grief, sickness, social discord, and violence, but also images of healing and transformation, increased sense of community, and spiritual renewal. Several healing nightmares are presented. Healing alchemical and anima/animus imagery is described. Twelve dreams are introduced and presented. It is concluded that the collective psyche, rooted in the Self, is a healing resource for social and cultural trauma. This project supports Beradt’s (1968) inspirational study of dreaming in Nazi Germany, as well as recent studies of COVID‐related dreams and recent publications on the social nature of dreaming.Alternate :Ce projet explore ce que les rêves peuvent révéler en ce qui concerne la réponse de la psyché collective à la pandémie de COVID‐19 dans sa première année, avant le développement des vaccins. Un court questionnaire, distribué à des collègues et des organisations Jungiennes, et à divers sites de réseaux sociaux, invitait les personnes à mettre en ligne un rêve en lien avec la pandémie de COVID‐19. Quatre cent trente‐six rêves ont été mis en ligne. D’autre part quarante rêves ont été collectés et mis en ligne par des collègues Russes. En utilisant les méthodes de recherche qualitative fondées sur l’herméneutique phénoménologique, les chercheurs ont établi des catégories et ont dénombré la variété de l’imagerie liée au COVID. De plus, les chercheurs ont décrit un certain nombre de réponses psychiques à la pandémie, par exemple l’horreur, le chagrin, la maladie, la discorde sociale et la violence, mais également des images de guérison et de transformation, un sentiment accru de communauté, et du renouveau spirituel. Plusieurs cauchemars de guérison sont présentés. L’imagerie de la guérison alchimique et celle liée à l’anima/animus est décrite. Douze rêves sont décrits et présentés. La conclusion apportée est que la psyché collective, enracinée dans le Soi, est une ressource de guérison en ce qui concerne le traumatisme social et culturel. Ce projet soutient l’étude inspirante de Beradt (1968) de rêves dans l’Allemagne Nazie, ainsi que des études récentes de rêves en lien avec la COVID et des publications récentes sur la nature sociale du rêve.Alternate :Dieses Projekt untersucht, was Träume über die Reaktion der kollektiven Psyche auf die COVID‐19‐Pandemie im ersten Jahr vor der Entwicklung von Impfstoffen verraten könnten. Eine kurze Umfrage, die an Jungianische Kollegen und Organisationen sowie an verschiedene Social‐Media‐Sites verteilt wurde, lud Menschen ein, online einen Traum im Zusammenhang mit der COVID‐19‐Pandemie einzureichen. Vierhundertsechsunddreißig Träume wurden eingereicht. Vierzig weitere russische Träume wurden gesammelt und von russischen Kollegen zugesandt. Unter Verwendung qualitativer Forschungsmethoden auf der Grundlage phänomenologischer Hermeneutik kategorisierten und zählten die Forscher die Bandbreite der COVID‐Bilder. Darüber hinaus beschreiben die Forscher eine Reihe psychischer Reaktionen auf die Pandemie, darunter Entsetzen, Trauer, Krankheit, soziale Zwietracht und Gewalt, aber auch Bilder von Heilung und Transformation, gesteigertem Gemeinschaftsgefühl und spiritueller Erneuerung. Mehrere heilende Albträume werden präsentiert. Heilend alchemistische und Anima/Animus‐Bilder werden beschrieben. Zwölf Träume werden vorgestellt und präsentiert. Es wird der Schluß gezogen, daß die im Selbst verwurzelte kollektive Psyche eine heilende Ressource für soziale und kulturelle Traumata darstellt. Dieses Projekt unterstützt Beradts (1968) inspirierende Studie über das Träumen in Nazi‐Deutschland sowie neuere Studien zu COVID‐bezogenen Träumen und neuere Veröffentlichungen über die soziale Natur des Träumens.Alternate :Questo progetto esplora cosa possono rivelare i sogni sulla risposta della psiche collettiva alla pandemia di COVID‐19 nel suo primo anno, prima dello sviluppo dei vaccini. Un breve sondaggio, distribuito a colleghi e organizzazioni junghiane, e a vari siti di social media, ha invitato le persone a presentare online un sogno legato alla pandemia di COVID‐19. Sono stati inviati 436 sogni. Altri quaranta sogni russi sono stati raccolti e inviati da colleghi russi. Usando metodi di ricerca qualitativa basati sull’ermeneutica fenomenologica, i ricercatori hanno categorizzato e contato l’assortimento dell’immaginario relativo al COVID‐19. Inoltre, i ricercatori descrivono una serie di risposte psichiche alla pandemia, incluso orrore, dolore, malattia, tensione sociale e violenza, ma anche immagini di guarigione e trasformazione, maggiore senso di comunità , e rinnovamento spirituale. Vengono presentati diversi incubi che sono stati terapeutici. Vengono descritte la guarigione alchemica e le immagini di anima/animus. Vengono introdotti e presentati dodici sogni. Gli Autori concludono che la psiche collettiva, radicata nel Sé, è una risorsa curativa per il trauma sociale e culturale. Questo progetto supporta lo stimolante studio di Berardt (1968) sui sogni nella Germania nazista, così come studi recenti sui sogni legati al COVID‐19 e con le recenti pubblicazioni sulla natura sociale dei sogni.Alternate :Ð' этом проекте исследуется, что могут рассказать сновидения о реакции коллективной психики на пандемию COVID‐19 в течение первого года, до того, как были разработаны вакцины. Ð' краткой анкете, рассылавшейся юнгианским коллегам и организациям, а также размещенной в социальных сетях, респондентам предлагалось предоставить в электронном виде свои сновидения, связанные с пандемией COVID‐19. Было прислано четыреста тридцать шесть сновидений. Еще сорок сновидений на русском языке было собрано и предоставлено российскими коллегами. Используя качественные методы исследования, основанные на феноменологической герменевтике, исследователи произвели подсчеты и классификацию и получили диапазон образов COVID. Кроме того, исследователи описали целый ряд психологических реакций на пандемию, среди которых ужас, горе, заболевания, социальные разногласия и насилие, но вместе с тем и образы исцеления и трансформации, усиленное чувства общности и духовное обновление. Описывается ряд кошмарных сновиденийс целебным эффектом. Приведены исцеляющие алхимические образы анимы/анимуса. Подробно представлено двенадцать сновидений. Исследователи приходят к заключению, что Ñ€ÐµÑ ÑƒÑ€ÑÐ¾Ð¼ для исцеления социальных и культурных травм является коллективная психика, опирающаяся на Самость. Ð'ыводы проекта подтверждают результаты вдохновляющего исследования Берадта о сновидениях в нацистской Ð"ермании (1968), а также недавних исследований сновидений, связанных с COVID, и публикаций о социальной природе сновидений.Alternate :Este proyecto explora lo que los sueños podrían revelar sobre la respuesta de la psique colectiva a la pandemia de COVID‐19 en su primer año, antes del desarrollo de las vacunas. A través de una breve encuesta, distribuida entre colegas y organizaciones Junguianas, así como en diversas redes sociales, se invitó a la gente a enviar en línea un sueño relacionado con la pandemia de COVID‐19. Se presentaron 436 sueños. Otros cuarenta sueños rusos fueron posteriormente recogidos y enviados por colegas rusos. Utilizando métodos de investigación cualitativa basados en la hermenéutica fenomenológica, los investigadores categorizaron y contaron una gama de imágenes de COVID. Además, los investigadores describen una serie de respuestas psíquicas a la pandemia, que incluyen horror, dolor, enfermedad, discordia social y violencia, pero también imágenes de curación y transformación, aumento del sentido de comunidad y renovación espiritual. Se presentan varias pesadillas curativas. Se describen imágenes alquímicas curativas y de anima/animus. Se introducen y presentan doce sueños. Se concluye que la psique colectiva, enraizada en el Self, es un recurso curativo para el trauma social y cultural. Este proyecto apoya el inspirador estudio de Beradt (1968) sobre los sueños en la Alemania nazi, así como estudios recientes sobre los sueños relacionados con el COVID y con publicaciones recientes sobre la naturaleza social de los sueños.Alternate :为世界做梦:æ–°å† ç–«æƒ…æœŸé—´æ¢¦å¢ƒçš„è£æ ¼å­¦æ´¾ç ”ç©¶è¿™ä¸ªé¡¹ç›®æŽ¢è®¨äº†æ¢¦å¢ƒå¦‚ä½•æ­ç¤ºé›†ä½"心灵对COVID‐19疫情所做出的反应, 这些梦境发生在疫情第一年, åœ¨ç–«è‹—å¼€å‘ä¹‹å‰ã€‚æœ¬ç ”ç©¶å‘è£æ ¼å­¦æ´¾åŒè¡Œå'Œç»„织, 以及通过各种社会åª'ä½"网站分发了一份简短的调查, 邀请人们在线提交与COVID‐19疫情有关的梦。共收集到四百三十六个梦。另外还收集了40个俄罗斯人的梦, å¹¶ç”±ä¿„ç½—æ–¯åŒäº‹æäº¤ã€‚ç ”ç©¶ä½¿ç”¨äº†åŸºäºŽçŽ°è±¡å­¦è¯ é‡Šå­¦çš„å®šæ€§ç ”ç©¶æ–¹æ³•, ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜å¯¹ä¸Žæ–°å† ç›¸å…³çš„æ„è±¡è¿›è¡Œäº†åˆ†ç±»å'Œç»Ÿè®¡ã€‚此外, ç ”ç©¶äººå‘˜è¿˜æè¿°äº†æ¢¦ä¸­äººä»¬å¯¹ç–«æƒ…åšå‡ºçš„ä¸€ç³»åˆ—å¿ƒç†ååº”, 包括恐怖、悲伤、疾病、社会不å'Œè°å'Œæš´åŠ›, 但也有治愈å'Œè½¬å˜çš„意象、增强的社区感å'Œç²¾ç¥žæ›´æ–°çš„æ„è±¡ã€‚ç ”ç©¶ä»‹ç»äº†å‡ ä¸ªå¸¦æœ‰æ²»æ„ˆæ€§çš„å™©æ¢¦ã€‚æè¿°äº†æ²»æ„ˆæ€§çš„ç‚¼é‡‘æœ¯å'Œé˜¿å°¼çŽ›/阿尼玛斯意象。介绍并展示了12个梦。ç»"论是, æ¤æ ¹äºŽ “自性”的集ä½"心灵是治疗社会å'Œæ–‡åŒ–创伤的一种资源。这个项目的ç»"果支持了Beradt(1968)在纳粹德国的梦境的é¼"èˆžäººå¿ƒçš„ç ”ç©¶ç»"æžœ, ä¹Ÿä¸Žæœ€è¿‘å…³äºŽæ–°å† æ¢¦å¢ƒç ”ç©¶çš„ç»"æžœ, 及最近发表的关于梦境的社会性质的ç»"果一致。

Skin and Bones: Pushing the Event Horizon

Architect Alexis Rochas, founder of Stereobot, has a history of producing spectacular light shows and urban interventions using space-frame technology. Art and architecture writer Eva Menuhin records the firm's creative trajectory and further explores their recent developments, using the same techniques, that can provide homes for those hit by disaster, whether financial or physical, or both. Copyright © 2023 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Referential processes in dreams: A brief report from a COVID-19 dreams analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a collective trauma for the world population. Psychoanalytic literature has long proposed that dreams are a key point of access for understanding the deepest functioning of the mind. Using the multiple code theory (Bucci, 1993) as a framework, this study aims to explore the emotional and cognitive responses of the general population to COVID-19 through their dreams. A total of 613 dreams were collected in an online survey. Linguistic measures of referential process and a cluster analysis were performed, then one-way analyses of variance explored the differences in content among dreams' clusters according to the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC). Analysis suggested three dream clusters: Cluster A (N = 255) defines an arousal activation;Cluster B (N = 121) defines a phase of symbolization;Cluster C (N = 237) defines a phase of reflection/reorganization. The content analysis of LIWC presents significant differences among the three clusters (p < .05): Cluster A, compared to Cluster C, included less use of the term "we," more frequent reference to others, and more frequent use of words denoting certainty;Cluster B included more words of negation and more use of both the present tense and the verb "to have";Cluster C included less use of words referring to wishes and illusions. These results show differentiated functions of dreams in response to the pandemic experience, underlining the importance of dreams in the processing of this collective trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (Chinese) 2019(COVID-19)-,COVID-19613(RP),ANOVAs,(LIWC),:A(N = 255);B(N = 121);C(N = 237) /LIWC(p<.05):C,A"","";B"";C, (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

Referential processes in dreams: A brief report from a COVID-19 dreams analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic has been a collective trauma for the world population. Psychoanalytic literature has long proposed that dreams are a key point of access for understanding the deepest functioning of the mind. Using the multiple code theory (Bucci, 1993) as a framework, this study aims to explore the emotional and cognitive responses of the general population to COVID-19 through their dreams. A total of 613 dreams were collected in an online survey. Linguistic measures of referential process and a cluster analysis were performed, then one-way analyses of variance explored the differences in content among dreams' clusters according to the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC). Analysis suggested three dream clusters: Cluster A (N = 255) defines an arousal activation;Cluster B (N = 121) defines a phase of symbolization;Cluster C (N = 237) defines a phase of reflection/reorganization. The content analysis of LIWC presents significant differences among the three clusters (p < .05): Cluster A, compared to Cluster C, included less use of the term "we," more frequent reference to others, and more frequent use of words denoting certainty;Cluster B included more words of negation and more use of both the present tense and the verb "to have";Cluster C included less use of words referring to wishes and illusions. These results show differentiated functions of dreams in response to the pandemic experience, underlining the importance of dreams in the processing of this collective trauma. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) Abstract (Chinese) 2019(COVID-19)-,COVID-19613(RP),ANOVAs,(LIWC),:A(N = 255);B(N = 121);C(N = 237) /LIWC(p<.05):C,A"","";B"";C, (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Living, dreaming, and thinking about emotional experiences: The process of psychic elaboration

The work of psychic elaboration that fosters mental development implies contact with emotional experiences, as well as the ability to dream of them in the sense proposed by Bion: thinking about them and being able to experience them instead of just knowing about them. The resulting psychic maturation takes place in discontinuous leaps through changes in the way individuals feel and conceive of themselves and others. In the analytic relationship, this entire process is experienced and worked on by the pair, in an asymmetric way. Two clinical situations and the therapeutic transformations that occurred are reported, one of them with online therapy during the Covid-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Portuguese) O trabalho de elaboragao psiquica propiciador do desenvolvimento mental implica o contato com experiencias emocionais, assim como a capacidade de sonha-las no sentido que Bion da a esse termo, de pensa-las e, alem disso, de poder vivencia-las ao inves de apenas conhece-las. A maturagao psiquica resultante ocorre em saltos descontinuos atraves de mudangas na forma do individuo sentir e conceber a si mesmo e aos outros. Na relagao analftica, todo esse processo e vivenciado e trabalhado pelo par, de forma assimetrica. Sao relatadas duas situagoes clinicas e as transformagoes terapeuticas ocorridas, uma delas com atendimento on-line durante a pandemia da Covid-19. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved) (Spanish) El trabajo de elaboration psiquica que propicia el desarrollo mental implica el contacto con las experiencias emocionales, asi como la capacidad de sonarlas en el sentido que le da Bion a este termino, de pensarlas y, ademas, de poder vivirlas en lugar de solo conocerlas. La maduracion psiquica resultante tiene lugar en saltos discontinuos a traves de cambios en la forma en que el individuo siente y se concibe a si mismo y a los otros. En la relation analitica, todo este proceso es vivenciado y trabajado por la pareja, de forma asimetrica. Se reportan dos situaciones clinicas y los cambios terapeuticos ocurridos, una de ellas con asistencia en linea durante la pandemia Covid-19. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sleep and dreams: Study in a Portuguese sample

Research has shown that during the COVID-19 pandemic, there were significant changes in sleep quality and dream activity. An increase in dream and nightmare recall frequency and a predominance of aversive emotional and phantasmatic dream content were recorded. The objective of the study was to analyze the pandemic's socio-occupational, psychological and experiential impact, focusing on sleep quality, dream/nightmare recall, and the emotional content of dreams in a sample of Portugal's adult resident population. Online data collection involved 1,020 adults >= 18 years (67.1% women). The research protocol included several questions regarding demographics, subjective experience of the pandemic, and its perceived impact on respondents' personal social networks, sleep habits, and dream content. The pandemic substantially affected participants' social interactions and mental health, with 17.2% reporting the death of a significant person. Overall sleep quality decreased during the pandemic, whereas dream/nightmare recall increased, and 27% of the respondents dreamed about COVID-19, reporting negative emotions and sensations in these dreams. Higher dream/nightmare recall was especially related to changes in sleep patterns, namely, increased nocturnal awakenings and sleep latency. Younger people, those belonging to a high-risk group, those reporting a higher subjective concern about the pandemic, those experiencing the death of a significant person, and those with self-reported employment and mental health problems were more likely to dream about COVID-19. Our findings add to psychological sleep and dream research regarding the function of dreams during collective stressful events. Considering the significant connection among mental health, sleep patterns, and dream content, research and clinical implications are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

Prevalence and Predictors of Sleep and Trauma Symptoms in Wildfire Survivors

Objective: This study aimed to establish the prevalence and to identify predictors of insomnia, nightmares and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in wildfire survivors. Method(s): A total of 126 (23 males, 102 females, and 1 nonbinary individual, Mage = 52 years, SD = 14.4) wildfire survivors from Australia, Canada and the USA took part in an online survey. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire and self-report measures including: The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), and Disturbing Dream and Nightmare Severity Index (DDNSI). Result(s): Results showed that 49.2% of the sample reported clinical insomnia on the ISI, 28.7% reported nightmares on the DDNSI, and 77.88% reported PTSD symptoms on the PCL-5. Fear for life of others (Pearson's r = .40, .21, .31), and the impact of smoke (Pearson's r, .47, .25,.41) significantly correlated with insomnia, nightmares and PTSD symptoms, respectively. Hierarchical regression showed that smoke was a significant predictor of insomnia (beta = .17, p <.05, 95% CI, 0.15 - 1.49), and insomnia predicted both of PTSD (beta = .27, p <.05, 95% CI, 0.26 - 1.05), and nightmares (beta = .19, p = .04, 95% CI, 1.01 - 1.45) scores. Conclusion(s): Insomnia, nightmares and PTSD are highly prevalent in wildfire survivors. Smoke, one of the trauma-related factors, was found to be as a significant predictor of insomnia;and insomnia was a significant predictor of both PTSD and nightmares. Future longitudinal studies are needed to establish which disorder emerges first as a result of smoke.Copyright © 2022

The Anima as an Archetype of Human Resilience in the Face of Calamity.

This paper will provide a theoretical basis for looking at a dream in the analysis of a client during a calamity. Finding the archetype of the anima is a way of responding to a crisis, in this case to the COVID-19 pandemic period. With all the basic instincts disrupted by a catastrophe, the emergence of the anima, as archetype of life, is there to remind us how to survive and recover. The anima archetype, often representing psychological resilience in ancient myths, shows up in dreams to guide human transformation from the struggle to survive trauma to the art of living a full life.

Cet article fournira un fondement théorique pour l'exploration d'un rêve dans l'analyse d'un client durant un désastre. Trouver l'archétype de l'anima est une manière de répondre à une crise, ici à la période de pandémie. Lorsque que tous les instincts fondamentaux sont perturbés par la catastrophe, l'émergence de l'anima en tant qu'archétype de la vie vient nous rappeler comment survivre et se remettre. L'archétype de l'anima, qui représente souvent la résilience psychologique dans les mythes anciens, apparait dans les rêves pour guider la transformation humaine dans la lutte pour survivre au traumatisme et pour aller vers l'art de vivre une vie pleine.

Este artículo ofrece una base teórica para observar un sueño en el análisis de un cliente durante una calamidad. Encontrar el arquetipo del ánima es una forma de responder a una crisis, en este caso al periodo pandémico. Con todos los instintos básicos perturbados por una catástrofe, la aparición del ánima como arquetipo de la vida está ahí para recordarnos cómo sobrevivir y recuperarnos. El arquetipo del ánima, que a menudo representa la resiliencia psicológica en los mitos antiguos, aparece en los sueños para guiar la transformación humana en la lucha por sobrevivir al trauma hacia el arte de vivir una vida plena.

Dreaming during the COVID-19 pandemic: Support for the threat simulation function of dreams.

Evolutionary theories suggest that dreams function as a world simulator of events that maximizes our ability to surmount social and threat-related challenges critical to survivorship and reproduction. Here, in contrast to the incorporation continuity hypothesis, we test the (1) social bias hypothesis, which states that dreams will overrepresent positive social interactions relative to waking life, (2) the mutually exclusive threat bias hypothesis, the idea that dream content will be negative relative to waking life, (3) the strengthening hypothesis, which states that dreams will rehearse more positive interactions with individuals the self is familiar with relative to waking life, and (4) the compensation hypothesis, which states that social contents in dreams increases during periods of social seclusion. Dream (n = 168) and wake (n = 184) reports were collected through a standardized online survey from 24 undergraduate students. Recalls were analyzed using the Social Content Scale. Generalized linear mixed effects models were used, and the following fixed-effects were considered for the study; the number of reports contributed, report state, biological sex, stress, social support, and media exposures. Results showed support for the threat bias hypothesis, we found that dreams were more negative and featured more unfamiliar individuals in contrast to waking life. Additionally, we found partial support for the social bias and the strengthening hypotheses, however no support was shown for the compensation hypothesis. Overall, these results demonstrate support for the threat simulation function of dreams.

Dream-enactment behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international COVID-19 sleep study.

There has been increasing concern about the long-term impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as evidenced by anecdotal case reports of acute-onset parkinsonism and the polysomnographic feature of increased rapid eye movement sleep electromyographic activity. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of dream-enactment behaviours, a hallmark of rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, which is a prodrome of α-synucleinopathy. This online survey was conducted between May and August 2020 in 15 countries/regions targeting adult participants (aged ≥18 years) from the general population with a harmonised structured questionnaire on sleep patterns and disorders, COVID-19 diagnosis and symptoms. We assessed dream-enactment behaviours using the Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder Single-Question Screen with an additional question on their frequency. Among 26,539 respondents, 21,870 (82.2%) answered all items that were analysed in this study (mean [SD] age 41.6 [15.8] years; female sex 65.5%). The weighted prevalence of lifetime and weekly dream-enactment behaviours was 19.4% and 3.1% and were found to be 1.8- and 2.9-times higher in COVID-19-positive cases, respectively. Both lifetime and weekly dream-enactment behaviours were associated with young age, male sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, higher physical activity level, nightmares, COVID-19 diagnosis, olfactory impairment, obstructive sleep apnea symptoms, mood, and post-traumatic stress disorder features. Among COVID-19-positive cases, weekly dream-enactment behaviours were positively associated with the severity of COVID-19. Dream-enactment behaviours are common among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic and further increase among patients with COVID-19. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential neurodegenerative effect of COVID-19.

Hashimoto's Encephalopathy in children: A case report

We present the case of a 11-years-old girl who came to our attention for a first critical episode lasting a few minutes, with spontaneous resolution, described as a generalized clonic tonic crisis, which occurred in full well-being. An electroencephalogram (EEG) was performed which showed focal epileptiform anomalies in the right temporal center that spread evoked by hyperpnea and eye closure and an EEG after sleep deprivation that showed an accentuation of the anomalies in phase 2-3 of NREM sleep. Brain MRI was normal. An anamnestic analysis revealed that since 1 month she was feeling "strange", as "if she were in a dream". No changes in her mood. Her height and her weight were normal. The clinical examination revealed a palpable thyroid gland. In consideration of the acute neurological symptomatology, in the suspicion of an encephalitis, a rachicentesis was performed which was negative for cellularity with negativity of the panel for autoimmune encephalitis on CSF and serum (NMDAR, anti GAD, LGI1, CASPr2, MOG, aquaporin). At the same time, EBV infection, neurological symptoms post-infection COVID-19, celiac disease, a model of encephalopathy with paraneoplastic aetiology and autoimmune encephalitis were excluded. We found a hyperthyroidism with suppressed TSH (FT4 51.8 ng / L FT3 16.5 ng / L, TSH <0.005 mU/L) and positivity of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies (> 600 KU / L), anti-thyroglobulin (261 KU / L) and anti-TSH receptor (13.8 KU / L). The diagnosis was Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE). A therapy with methimazole at an initial dose of 0,5 mg/kg/day was started. In addition we gave intravenous methylprednisolone bolus therapy for 4 days followed by oral steroid therapy with gradual resolution of the symptoms and complete normalization of the EEG after one month of treatment, next to the normalization of thyroid function after 3 months. Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is a rare condition, especially in children. It can present with neurological symptoms, psychiatric disordes or seizures. It is more frequently associated with hypothyroidism or euthyroidism, but it can occur, more rarely, even in hyperthyroidism. The presence of serum thyroid (thyroid peroxidase, thyroglobulin) antibodies is a criteria for the diagnosis HE. The overall rarity of HE and the lack of knowledge of this condition often represent the main difficulty about diagnosis. We underline that in the clinical suspicion it is a priority to perform the evaluation of thyroid function with autoimmunity to support the diagnosis, as the timely treatment of this condition represents an important prognostic element.

Virtual online focus group discussions using four domains of appreciative inquiry to explore community pharmacists' actual experiences and aspirations around antibiotic smart use in Thailand: A qualitative study

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat. The Global South has illustrated gaps and challenges in contextual interventions to tackle AMR due to economic development and existing legislation on antimicrobial use. Community pharmacists are vital healthcare professionals in primary care settings to promote Antibiotic Smart Use (ASU). Objective(s): The aim of this study was to explore their experiences and aspirations around ASU to tailor sustained interventions. Method(s): Virtual online focus group discussions (FGDS) were conducted to explore the views of part- and full-time community pharmacists in Thailand who were systematically recruited to ensure their eligibility to fit with Appreciative Inquiry (AI) theory. Out of a pool of eligible participants, those who had scored above average (> 74%) and above in the attitude questionnaire - the earlier part of the project - were quota sampled and purposively invited to take part. A specific topic guide was developed using the four domains of AI (Discovery, Dream, Design and Destiny), to provide insights into their thought processes and their recommendations for the facilitation of ASU in community pharmacies. Qualitative data were analysed using Nvivo12, using thematic framework analysis with a deductive approach. Result(s): Twenty one community pharmacists participated. Seven themes around ASU emerged in the Discovery Domain of AI. There are pharmacists' practices for non-prescribed antibiotic dispensing, professional experience, work environment, commercialisation and business, commonly used non-prescribed antibiotics, visibility of the National Plan for tackling AMR, and learning points from the COVID19 pandemic. The participants dreamed about the ideals of ASU in the community pharmacy in five themes which are establishing One Health stakeholders- regulating the supply chain, following developed countries as role models, reviewing legislation, and forming witness checks and balances in healthcare professionals. Then the participants designed interventions and strategies on five themes: insurance system, incentive intervention, re-classification of antibiotics, and organisational unity for supporting ASU. The Destiny domain consisted of five themes that would allow sustainable ASU in their settings: the need for ASU literacy, primary care, AMR attitudes and behaviour change strategies, communication of ASU progression and resource management, and trust in pharmacists as a key to building customer loyalty. Conclusion(s): Four domains of Appreciative Inquiry provided community pharmacists with the opportunity to share their experiences and aspire to desired changes to promote ASU in the pharmacy setting and broadly across the country. This framework reflected contextual interventions and strategies with bottom-up brainstorming linked to top-down approaches. The requirement of literacy, along with strategies for changing for public and healthcare providers, could elevate ASU in community pharmacies. Integration of community pharmacy into a part of government primacy care unit and communication of the ASU progression with them might promote engagement with the remaining business aspects.

Psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic: clarifying the role of parental symptoms of depression and aggressiveness.

BACKGROUND: Parental work stress and impaired mental health seem to have intensified during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Both can have a negative impact on parent-child bonding: psychosocial work stress in the course of a spillover effect from work to family and symptoms of impaired mental health as part of a crossover effect from parent to child. This potentially affects the child's development in the long term. METHOD: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding during the early COVID-19 pandemic (May-June 2020). Symptoms of depression and aggressiveness were considered as mediators of this relationship. The sample consisted of employees in Eastern Germany (n = 380; 42.9% mothers, 57.1% fathers), aged 24-55 years, with children aged 0-36 months. RESULTS: In the total sample, an association was only found after adjusting for potential confounders, indicating that higher psychosocial work stress is associated with weaker bonding between the parent and child (ß = 0.148, p = .017, 95% CI [0.566, 5.614]). The separate analyses for mothers and fathers did not reveal a statistically significant relationship between psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding. In the total sample, the higher the psychosocial work stress was, the higher were the parental symptoms of depression (ß = 0.372, p < .001, 95% CI [3.417, 5.696]) and aggressiveness ß = 0.254, p < .001, 95% CI [1.008, 3.208]). The mental health symptoms in turn were related to weaker parent-child bonding (symptoms of depression ß = 0.320, p < .001, 95% CI [0.345, 0.749]; symptoms of aggressiveness ß = 0.394, p < .001, 95% CI [0.697, 1.287]). The results furthermore suggested that parental mental health symptoms mediate the association between psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding (symptoms of depression, ab = 2.491, 95% CI [1.472, 3.577] and of aggressiveness, ab = 2.091, 95% CI [1.147, 3.279]). The mediation effect was also found in the separate analyses for the mothers and fathers. DISCUSSION: The results of this study during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Germany highlight the importance of prevention as well as intervention measures in relation to psychosocial work stress that may play a debilitating role in the context of family relationships. In addition, the results suggest that both employers and employees should be made aware of the importance of psychosocial work stress, as it can have a negative impact on mental health, which in turn may have a major influence on family relationships.

Mental health of working parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: can resilience buffer the impact of psychosocial work stress on depressive symptoms?

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has confronted working parents with an accumulation of stressors regarding changes in work, family, and social life, putting their mental health at risk. Stressors include altered working conditions such as working from home or changes in working hours as well as the difficulty to reconcile work and childcare due to the closure of childcare facilities. The present study examined the relationship of psychosocial work stress (i.e., work-privacy conflict and effort-reward imbalance at work) and depressive symptoms in working parents and whether this association was moderated by individual resilience. METHODS: Data of the present study (n = 452) were collected in Germany between May and June 2020 as part of the DREAMCORONA study. A subsample of working mothers (n = 191) and fathers (n = 261) completed the subscale for work-privacy conflict (WPC) of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Multiple linear regression analyses including moderation were performed, controlling for gender, working hours per week, and a lifetime history of depression as potential confounders. RESULTS: Both WPC (ß = 0.336, p < .001) and ERI (ß = 0.254, p < .001) were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Resilience moderated the relationship between ERI and depressive symptoms (ß = - 0.101, p = .018), indicating that higher resilience weakened the relationship. However, this effect was not found regarding the relationship between WPC and depressive symptoms (ß = 0.055, p = .167). CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the need for measures to reduce psychosocial work stressors such as WPC and ERI during the COVID-19 pandemic on the one hand and to promote resilience on the other hand. The findings partially support the potential protective role of resilience buffering the association between psychosocial stress and mental health in working parents. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this effect.

Dreaming during a pandemic: Low incorporation of COVID-19-specific themes and lucidity in dreams of psychiatric patients and healthy controls.

The present study examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the emotional quality of dreams, the incorporation of pandemic-related themes, and the occurrence of lucid dreaming. Dream reports and lucidity ratings of psychiatric outpatients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 81) during two lockdowns in Germany were compared to those of healthy controls (n = 33) before the pandemic. Results confirmed previous reports that pandemic-specific themes were incorporated into dreams. Overall, however, incorporation into dreams was rare. Contrary to expectations, psychiatric outpatients did not differ from controls in the frequency of dream incorporation of pandemic-related content. Moreover, incorporation was independent of psychiatric symptoms and loneliness. Loneliness was, however, associated with threat-related content, suggesting that it represents a risk for bad dreams but not for crisis-specific dream incorporation. Regarding lucid dreaming, both groups had similar scores for its underlying core dimensions, i.e., insight, control, and dissociation, during the two lockdowns. Scores for control and dissociation but not insight were lower compared to the pre-pandemic sample. Our working hypothesis is that REM sleep during lockdowns intensified as a means of increased emotional consolidation, rendering the associated mental state less hybrid and thereby less lucid.

Health care in schoolchildren as a prevention of disease. Health in childhood in the era of COVID-19

The study seeks to analyze nutritional statuses in a sample population aged 10 to 12 years after the effects of COVID-19. When measuring BMI, trends towards overweight and obesity are shown in relation to the WHO scales. We found levels of cardiovascular endurance, speed and agility in relation to nutritional statuses. The conclusions corroborate the contributions of the studies and the WHO itself on the care of these health factors as biomarkers of the physical condition of the subjects and of disease prevention. © GKA Ediciones, authors.

Following Puck virtually in the Royal Shakespeare Company's Dream experiment: Live theatre and high-tech innovations

The thirty-minute experiment titled Dream represented a collaborative effort between the Royal Shakespeare Company and Audience of the Future. It fused live performance with motion capture technology, 3D graphics, and interactive gaming techniques, and let the audience remotely guide Puck through a virtual forest. Inspired by A Midsummer Night's Dream, it focused on Puck and the fairies. If, for online audiences, the virtual fairies moving through a digital forest suggested a video game, the eight performances were delivered live and in real time. This Dream represents a new format for Shakespeare’s performance that evolved during (rather than emerged from) the COVID-19 pandemic. © The Author(s) 2022.

Day-to-day relationships between mind-wandering, sleep quality, and mood across three intensive longitudinal studies

Objectives: Impaired subjective sleep quality is associated with lower cognitive performance and poor mental health. Mind-wandering (MW) or daydreaming is a state of the human mind when the focus of attention shifts from the ongoing task and the external environment toward internally generated cognitive and emotional processes. Cross-sectional research has shown that poor sleep and negative mood are associated with increased MW, however, it is unknown whether these relations are uni- or bidirectional. Method(s): We investigated the day-to-day dynamics between subjective sleep quality, mind-wandering, and mood across three experience sampling studies in university student samples. The first study included healthy individuals (N = 73,2758 observations) with medium or high trait schizotypy, the second sample included students with high dream recall frequency (N = 55,2078 observations), and the third contained a general student sample (N = 61,1119 observations) who were surveyed during the second and third waves of the Covid pandemic. Data were analyzed with mixed-effect modeling where we separated within and between-person effects. Result(s): Poor sleep quality predicted more MW during the day across all studies, and this relationship was more pronounced within than across individuals. However, if we included mood as a predictor (daytime or right after awakening) sleep quality was no longer significant. On the other hand, more MW significantly predicted lower sleep quality during the night, but the size of the effect was negligible. Elevated trait depression scores were significant predictors of worse sleep quality and more MW but again, if mood was included in the models, then higher trait depression was no longer significant. Conclusion(s): Our findings suggest a unidirectional association of poor sleep with lower mental health and mind-wandering. MW seems more affected by within-person fluctuations in sleep quality. These findings strengthen the evidence that striving for better sleep hygiene is key to functioning and being well during the day, even among healthy young adults.